Study finds vitamin C can kill drug-resistant TB

Public release date: 21-May-2013
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Contact: Kim Newman
sciencenews@einstein.yu.edu
718-430-3101
Albert Einstein College of Medicine

May 21, 2013 (Bronx, NY) In a striking, unexpected discovery, researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have determined that vitamin C kills drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) bacteria in laboratory culture. The finding suggests that vitamin C added to existing TB drugs could shorten TB therapy, and it highlights a new area for drug design. The study was published today in the online journal Nature Communications.

TB is caused by infection with the bacterium M. tuberculosis. In 2011, TB sickened some 8.7 million people and took some 1.4 million lives, according to the World Health Organization. Infections that fail to respond to TB drugs are a growing problem: About 650,000 people worldwide now have multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), 9 percent of whom have extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB).TB is especially acute in low and middle income countries, which account for more than 95 percent of TB-related deaths, according to the World Health Organization.

The Einstein discovery arose during research into how TB bacteria become resistant to isoniazid, a potent first-line TB drug. The lead investigator and senior author of the study was William Jacobs, Jr. Ph.D., professor of microbiology & immunology and of genetics at Einstein. Dr. Jacobs is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a recently elected member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Dr. Jacobs and his colleagues observed that isoniazid-resistant TB bacteria were deficient in a molecule called mycothiol. "We hypothesized that TB bacteria that can't make mycothiol might contain more cysteine, an amino acid," said Dr. Jacobs. "So, we predicted that if we added isoniazid and cysteine to isoniazid-sensitive M. tuberculosis in culture, the bacteria would develop resistance. Instead, we ended up killing off the culture something totally unexpected."

The Einstein team suspected that cysteine was helping to kill TB bacteria by acting as a "reducing agent" that triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (sometimes called free radicals), which can damage DNA.

"To test this hypothesis, we repeated the experiment using isoniazid and a different reducing agent vitamin C," said Dr. Jacobs. "The combination of isoniazid and vitamin C sterilized the M. tuberculosis culture. We were then amazed to discover that vitamin C by itself not only sterilized the drug-susceptible TB, but also sterilized MDR-TB and XDR-TB strains."

To justify testing vitamin C in a clinical trial, Dr. Jacobs needed to find the molecular mechanism by which vitamin C exerted its lethal effect. More research produced the answer: Vitamin C induced what is known as a Fenton reaction, causing iron to react with other molecules to create reactive oxygen species that kill the TB bacteria.

"We don't know whether vitamin C will work in humans, but we now have a rational basis for doing a clinical trial," said Dr. Jacobs. "It also helps that we know vitamin C is inexpensive, widely available and very safe to use. At the very least, this work shows us a new mechanism that we can exploit to attack TB."

###

The paper is titled, "Mycobacterium tuberculosis is extraordinarily sensitive to killing by a vitamin C-induced Fenton reaction." The other contributors are Catherine Vilcheze, Ph.D., Travis Hartman and Brian Weinrick, Ph.D., all at Einstein.

The study was supported by a grant (AI26170) from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

About Drug-Resistant TB

Multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB): TB that does not respond to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most potent anti-TB drugs.
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB): TB that is resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, as well as to any member of the quinolone family of antibiotics and at least one of four second-line injectable anti-TB drugs.

About Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University

Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University is one of the nation's premier centers for research, medical education and clinical investigation. During the 2012-2013 academic year, Einstein is home to 742 M.D. students, 245 Ph.D. students, 116 students in the combined M.D./Ph.D. program, and 360 postdoctoral research fellows. The College of Medicine has more than 2,000 full-time faculty members located on the main campus and at its clinical affiliates. In 2012, Einstein received over $160 million in awards from the NIH. This includes the funding of major research centers at Einstein in diabetes, cancer, liver disease, and AIDS. Other areas where the College of Medicine is concentrating its efforts include developmental brain research, neuroscience, cardiac disease, and initiatives to reduce and eliminate ethnic and racial health disparities. Its partnership with Montefiore Medical Center, the University Hospital and academic medical center for Einstein, advances clinical and translational research to accelerate the pace at which new discoveries become the treatments and therapies that benefit patients. Through its extensive affiliation network involving Montefiore, Jacobi Medical Center Einstein's founding hospital, and five other hospital systems in the Bronx, Manhattan, Long Island and Brooklyn, Einstein runs one of the largest residency and fellowship training programs in the medical and dental professions in the United States. For more information, please visit http://www.einstein.yu.edu and follow us on Twitter @EinsteinMed.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 21-May-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Kim Newman
sciencenews@einstein.yu.edu
718-430-3101
Albert Einstein College of Medicine

May 21, 2013 (Bronx, NY) In a striking, unexpected discovery, researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have determined that vitamin C kills drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) bacteria in laboratory culture. The finding suggests that vitamin C added to existing TB drugs could shorten TB therapy, and it highlights a new area for drug design. The study was published today in the online journal Nature Communications.

TB is caused by infection with the bacterium M. tuberculosis. In 2011, TB sickened some 8.7 million people and took some 1.4 million lives, according to the World Health Organization. Infections that fail to respond to TB drugs are a growing problem: About 650,000 people worldwide now have multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), 9 percent of whom have extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB).TB is especially acute in low and middle income countries, which account for more than 95 percent of TB-related deaths, according to the World Health Organization.

The Einstein discovery arose during research into how TB bacteria become resistant to isoniazid, a potent first-line TB drug. The lead investigator and senior author of the study was William Jacobs, Jr. Ph.D., professor of microbiology & immunology and of genetics at Einstein. Dr. Jacobs is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a recently elected member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Dr. Jacobs and his colleagues observed that isoniazid-resistant TB bacteria were deficient in a molecule called mycothiol. "We hypothesized that TB bacteria that can't make mycothiol might contain more cysteine, an amino acid," said Dr. Jacobs. "So, we predicted that if we added isoniazid and cysteine to isoniazid-sensitive M. tuberculosis in culture, the bacteria would develop resistance. Instead, we ended up killing off the culture something totally unexpected."

The Einstein team suspected that cysteine was helping to kill TB bacteria by acting as a "reducing agent" that triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (sometimes called free radicals), which can damage DNA.

"To test this hypothesis, we repeated the experiment using isoniazid and a different reducing agent vitamin C," said Dr. Jacobs. "The combination of isoniazid and vitamin C sterilized the M. tuberculosis culture. We were then amazed to discover that vitamin C by itself not only sterilized the drug-susceptible TB, but also sterilized MDR-TB and XDR-TB strains."

To justify testing vitamin C in a clinical trial, Dr. Jacobs needed to find the molecular mechanism by which vitamin C exerted its lethal effect. More research produced the answer: Vitamin C induced what is known as a Fenton reaction, causing iron to react with other molecules to create reactive oxygen species that kill the TB bacteria.

"We don't know whether vitamin C will work in humans, but we now have a rational basis for doing a clinical trial," said Dr. Jacobs. "It also helps that we know vitamin C is inexpensive, widely available and very safe to use. At the very least, this work shows us a new mechanism that we can exploit to attack TB."

###

The paper is titled, "Mycobacterium tuberculosis is extraordinarily sensitive to killing by a vitamin C-induced Fenton reaction." The other contributors are Catherine Vilcheze, Ph.D., Travis Hartman and Brian Weinrick, Ph.D., all at Einstein.

The study was supported by a grant (AI26170) from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

About Drug-Resistant TB

Multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB): TB that does not respond to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most potent anti-TB drugs.
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB): TB that is resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, as well as to any member of the quinolone family of antibiotics and at least one of four second-line injectable anti-TB drugs.

About Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University

Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University is one of the nation's premier centers for research, medical education and clinical investigation. During the 2012-2013 academic year, Einstein is home to 742 M.D. students, 245 Ph.D. students, 116 students in the combined M.D./Ph.D. program, and 360 postdoctoral research fellows. The College of Medicine has more than 2,000 full-time faculty members located on the main campus and at its clinical affiliates. In 2012, Einstein received over $160 million in awards from the NIH. This includes the funding of major research centers at Einstein in diabetes, cancer, liver disease, and AIDS. Other areas where the College of Medicine is concentrating its efforts include developmental brain research, neuroscience, cardiac disease, and initiatives to reduce and eliminate ethnic and racial health disparities. Its partnership with Montefiore Medical Center, the University Hospital and academic medical center for Einstein, advances clinical and translational research to accelerate the pace at which new discoveries become the treatments and therapies that benefit patients. Through its extensive affiliation network involving Montefiore, Jacobi Medical Center Einstein's founding hospital, and five other hospital systems in the Bronx, Manhattan, Long Island and Brooklyn, Einstein runs one of the largest residency and fellowship training programs in the medical and dental professions in the United States. For more information, please visit http://www.einstein.yu.edu and follow us on Twitter @EinsteinMed.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-05/aeco-sfv052013.php

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Joe Francis: 'Retarded' jury should be 'shot dead'

Celebs

Gael Fashingbauer Cooper TODAY

4 hours ago

AP file

Joe Francis in 2009.

"Girls Gone Wild" founder Joe Francis has some choice words for the jury who found him guilty of falsely imprisoning three women in his California home. They're "mentally retarded" "stupid idiots" who are "jealous" of him and should be "put in jail" or even "lined up and shot," or so Francis told The Hollywood Reporter in an interview.

"I want that jury to know that each and every one of you are mentally f--ing retarded and you should be euthanized because, as Darwin said, you have naturally selected yourself," Francis told interviewer Stephen Galloway. "You are the weakest members of the herd. Goodbye! And if that jury wants to convict me because I didn't show up, which is the only reason why they did, then, you know, they should all be lined up and shot!"

Francis, 40, was found guilty May 6 of three counts of false imprisonment and one of assault likely to cause great bodily injury. Three students who Francis said he met at the bar and restaurant Supperclub Los Angeles were involved, but Francis says he was just being nice to the women when he invited them to his home.

"It just proves that any celebrity in Hollywood should never give a ride home to any girls," he said. "They (say they) got their head slammed on a tile floor and they were imprisoned here for hours. They said it was here on the tile floor. I don't see any tile right here."

Hollywood Reporter: 'Girls Gone Wild' mogul breaks his silence

Prosecutors say Francis could face five years, though legal sources told The Hollywood Reporter such a sentence was unlikely. "At the most I could get 90 days of anger management," Francis said.

The Hollywood Reporter recites his other brushes with the law, which include jail time in Florida and Nevada, a successful defamation lawsuit from Las Vegas mogul Steve Wynn, indictments for tax evasion and filming underage girls, a ban on entering the Santa Monica offices of his own company, and a claim by a Los Angeles Times reporter that he pinned her to the car and twisted her arm so hard it brought tears.

Hollywood Reporter: How to Keep a Celebrity Sex Tape Off the Web

"Anybody who criticizes me, anybody who -- it's just a jealous guy, Francis told Galloway. "Everybody who says, 'Oh, Joe Francis is this' -- look at their penis and tell me if it's small."

Juries hate him because they want his life, he thinks. "I have private jets, I have a great life, I'm a good-looking guy," Francis said. "I'm not conceited, but like -- look, I have girls around me all the time, whatever I want. I make a lot of money. It's a great life. If I wasn't me, I'd f--ing hate me."

Francis will be sentenced in July.

Source: http://www.today.com/entertainment/girls-gone-wild-founder-calls-jury-retarded-says-they-should-6C10020903

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Should Teachers Be Trained Like Doctors and Lawyers?

It?s no secret that America?s education system needs colossal reform.

Politicians from both sides of the aisle always campaign on the issue, and policy makers push new standards every few years. But what might just be needed is a radical approach to teaching instead of more standards and tests.

That?s what Jal Mehta examines in his new book The Allure of Order: High Hopes, Dashed Expectations, and the Troubled Quest to Remake American Schooling. While he reflects on the history of school reform movements such as the controversial No Child Left Behind, he also offers innovative solutions to revitalizing public education.

?

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?Each time we get interested in those vehicles to try and improve schooling, we invest high hopes in them and each time they fall short,? Mehta, an assistant professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, tells TakePart.

Some of those ideas include more standardized testing and revision of standards such as the incoming Common Core State Standards. But Mehta says that there is another way to look at education in this country and it begins with teachers. In fact, he says in all seriousness, that K-12 teachers need training similar to what physicians receive.

?We let doctors operate, pilots fly and engineers build because their fields have developed effective ways of certifying that they can do these things,? he recently wrote in a New York Times op-ed. ?Teaching, on the whole, lacks this specialized knowledge base; teachers teach based mostly on what they have picked up from experience and from their colleagues.?

Comparatively, Mehta says teaching is a failed profession compared to that of lawyers and doctors. Yet, we expect just as much out of this country?s education system as we do our medical and legal systems.

Mehta says that in many instances in this country, teaching is a by-the-seat-of-the-pants profession in which young, inexperienced teachers are thrown into the classroom with very little, if any, mentoring. He would like to see more extensive training to teachers and even go so for as to tenure K-12 teachers once they have proven themselves. ?Master teachers? with years of experience would be used to train new teachers.

He argues that teaching is skilled work, and, in that regard, teachers need more extensive training.

?You need teachers that know quite a bit about their subject matter,? he says. ?For instance, in math, if you?re going to try and get kids to get the underlying concepts, you need to understand those concepts.?

But he says that there is a real problem because teachers lack much prep time for class. He cites countries like Japan and Korea where teachers teach less and have more time to plan. Teachers in the United States teach on average 1100 hours per year compared to 600-700 hours in other countries.

One way to solve this time crunch is team teaching. Mehta says more schools, which are attempting deeper interdisciplinary work, have found great success in teaming teachers from opposite subjects such as math and digital arts.

Mehta also calls for an educational equivalent of the National Institutes of Health. Otherwise he says the system will continue to fail. Commercial curriculum designers will create what districts and states want. Instead, a more uniformed system is needed. Sure, the Common Core Standards might work with key goals. But if teachers aren?t skilled, the standards may go down in the history books as another failed idea.

As for standardized testing, Mehta says that many people want it to serve as a ?magical bullet? to solve every education crisis, but that it is far more complicated than that.

?The idea that you could buy and impose these tests to transform the system as a whole is magical thinking, a magical shortcut,? he said. ?Rather, if you did all of these other things ? strong teachers with training and gave them time to think, prepare and even deal with high-poverty students ? the test scores would represent real learning.?

Related Stories in TakePart:

? Beyond Test Scores: 6 Alternative Ways to Evaluate Teachers

? The 5 Best States for Education (and the 5 Worst)

? High School Graduation Rates Revealed: The 5 Best and 5 Worst States

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Suzi Parker is an Arkansas-based?political and cultural journalist whose work frequently appears in?The Washington?Post?and?The Christian Science Monitor. She is the?author of two books. @SuziParker | TakePart.com?

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/teachers-trained-doctors-lawyers-232811859.html

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Sports seem OK for many with heart-zapping device

FILE - In this Dec. 7, 2012, file photo, Utah State basketball player Danny Berger holds a defibrillator, like the one implanted in his chest, following a news conference at Intermountain Medical Center in Murray, Utah. Berger collapsed during NCAA college basketball practice and went into cardiac arrest, resulting in a defibrillator being implanted in his chest. Berger ran a mile the other day then did some stairs afterward, just six weeks after he nearly died after collapsing on the basketball court. (AP Photo/Deseret News, Ravell Call, File)

FILE - In this Dec. 7, 2012, file photo, Utah State basketball player Danny Berger holds a defibrillator, like the one implanted in his chest, following a news conference at Intermountain Medical Center in Murray, Utah. Berger collapsed during NCAA college basketball practice and went into cardiac arrest, resulting in a defibrillator being implanted in his chest. Berger ran a mile the other day then did some stairs afterward, just six weeks after he nearly died after collapsing on the basketball court. (AP Photo/Deseret News, Ravell Call, File)

FILE - In this Dec. 7, 2012, file photo, Utah State basketball player Danny Berger becomes emotional as he speaks with reporters about his recovery at Intermountain Medical Center in Murray, Utah. Berger collapsed during NCAA college basketball practice and went into cardiac arrest, resulting in a defibrillator being implanted in his chest. Berger ran a mile the other day then did some stairs afterward, just six weeks after he nearly died after collapsing on the basketball court. Berger (AP Photo/Deseret News, Ravell Call, File)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? New research is challenging medical guidelines that say people with a heart-zapping device in their chests should avoid intense sports like basketball and soccer in favor of golf or bowling.

Lots of patients ignore that take-it-easy advice and stay in the game, and Monday's findings suggest vigorous exercise may be safe for many of them after all.

A registry tracked 372 people who stuck with competitive sports after having a defibrillator surgically implanted to guard against dangerous irregular heartbeats ? and found that the lifesaving device worked when needed despite the physical exertion.

"This is good guidance for many of the sports. It should be reassuring that in fact many people can participate," said Dr. Gordon Tomaselli, a former American Heart Association president who wasn't involved with the new study ? and cautions that questions remain.

More than 100,000 defibrillators are implanted in U.S. patients every year, devices that can detect when an abnormal heartbeat is forming and automatically shock the heart to help it get back into rhythm. Most recipients are older people with heart failure, too sick to worry about sports.

But increasingly, teenagers and younger adults receive these implants, people who may be more active and fit but have some underlying heart abnormality that puts them at risk of an arrhythmia. Last year, Utah State forward Danny Berger collapsed on the basketball court, was revived and had a defibrillator implanted; he has said he hopes to play again. Harder still is how to advise people who get the implants as a precaution, before any symptoms of trouble.

The big questions: Do the implants fire properly under the physical duress of competitive sports? Do they emit painful shocks more often? Might they break with a hit to the chest?

To begin finding out, Yale University heart specialist Dr. Rachel Lampert opened a national registry that, over 2? years, tracked defibrillator patients who decided to stick with sports. They included some high school and college athletes, as well as people who participated in community-level basketball, soccer, tennis and other sports or were runners, skiers, even a few rock climbers.

The implants did have to fire more often during physical activity, whether the people were playing ball or running for the bus. But they did their job ? no one died, had to be resuscitated or experienced a shock-related injury, Lampert reported Monday in the journal Circulation.

During the study, 77 people received shocks: 10 percent during sports, 8 percent during other physical activities and 6 percent while resting. About two-thirds who received a shock did return to their sport rather than deciding to give it up, Lampert said.

"Despite the fact that people got shocked, they didn't have anything dangerous happen to them: The device worked," she said.

"It doesn't mean every patient can be doing every sport," Lampert added, advising that implant recipients talk with their doctors first. But, "we probably don't need the blanket restrictions in place."

However, the study is small and Tomaselli, the former heart association president, warned among the top concerns is whether contact sports, such as football and hockey, might loosen the implant. Too few of those patients enrolled in the registry to draw conclusions.

In addition, some patients with a rare heart condition required multiple shocks when they had an irregular heartbeat.

Still, "one of the reasons for having a defibrillator is to restore as much of a normal life as you possibly can," Tomaselli noted. To many people, "taking away competitive athletics is taking away a part of them."

When people do continue sports with the implant, Tomaselli said coaches, family and others must be fully aware of the risks ? and there should be an external defibrillator available during competition and practice in case the implant fails and emergency resuscitation is needed.

The study was paid for by three defibrillator manufacturers.

___

Online:

Implanted defibrillators: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/icd/

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/bbd825583c8542898e6fa7d440b9febc/Article_2013-05-20-Athlete%20Hearts/id-9435e3ce49764e2abc4791c1b3918282

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Bulgaria's ex-PM Borisov says he is convinced rivals can form government

By Tsvetelia Tsolova

SOFIA (Reuters) - The head of Bulgaria's largest party said on Tuesday he was convinced his rivals would be able to form a government, indicating a political stalemate that could undermine the European Union's poorest economy may soon be broken.

Former Prime Minister Boiko Borisov said that while his GERB party would not back the Socialists' attempts to form a ruling coalition, it would nevertheless lend the next government its support to introduce crucial economic and social measures.

Bulgaria has been at an impasse since an inconclusive May 12 election, making it difficult to address unemployment close to an eight-year high and incomes of less than half the EU average and to avoid protests against low living standards.

Borisov's center-right GERB, which resigned during protests in February, is the largest party in a new parliament but cannot secure backing to control a majority.

The Socialists and their allies, the ethnic Turkish MRF, are one seat short of a majority in the 240-seat assembly.

Borisov said GERB would not support its rivals in the confidence vote they need to win to form a government. But the Socialists and MRF are widely expected to be able to form a government of technocrats with the backing or abstentions of individual lawmakers from GERB or nationalist party Attack.

"I am convinced you will form a government," Borisov told the Socialists at the opening of parliament on Tuesday.

"Those who take up the governance now take a brave and responsible step and should be supported," he said. "You can rely on the support of GERB for the measures that need to be undertaken."

Borisov has often changed tack - insisting he would never resign just days before he stepped down as premier - and his comments are no guarantee that Bulgaria will be able to form a stable government. GERB is still seeking to have the election annulled due to what it called illegal campaigning.

The Socialists say their proposed government of experts would command support from protests groups not represented in parliament. They says their priorities are to create jobs, speed payments to business and increase support for the poorest.

President Rosen Plevneliev will hold consultations with political leaders on Thursday about forming a new government.

As the largest party, GERB will have first chance to form a government, before the Socialists, but has almost no chance of success. Other parties have refused to work with it because of its tarnished reputation after it resigned from government.

After the election of a Socialist speaker on Tuesday, GERB deputies walked out of parliament, blaming Attack for not voting and hence allowing a Socialist in.

If the nationalist party repeated that during voting for a new government, the Socialists and MRF would be able to secure sufficient backing for their administration.

However its leader Volen Siderov told parliament: "Attack will not support any government in this composition of parliament."

Lawmakers for the party, some of whose members wear swastika-emblazoned shirts and make Nazi salutes at rallies, refused to stand when the EU anthem was played at the opening of parliament.

(Additional reporting by Angel Krasimirov; Editing by Pravin Char)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bulgarias-ex-pm-borisov-says-convinced-rivals-form-130104035.html

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Blame your parents for bunion woes

Public release date: 20-May-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Dawn Peters
sciencenewsroom@wiley.com
781-388-8408
Wiley

Common foot deformities are inherited says Framingham Foot Study

A novel study reports that white men and women of European descent inherit common foot disorders, such as bunions (hallux valgus) and lesser toe deformities, including hammer or claw toe. Findings from the Framingham Foot Studythe first to estimate the heritability of foot disorders in humansappear in Arthritis Care & Research, a journal published by Wiley on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR).

Previous studies show that as many as 60% of older adults have foot disorders which may limit mobility and reduce their quality of life. In fact, bunions affect 23% of individuals 18 to 65 years of age and 36% of those over 65 years according to a study by Nix et al. While experts suggest that women, older adults and those with a higher body mass index (BMI) are at greater risk for foot disorders, there is little understanding of the genetics involved in their development.

The study, led by Arthritis Care & Research Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Marian Hannan from Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Mass, included 1,370 participants enrolled in the Framingham Foot Study. Participants had a mean age of 66 years and 57% were female. Foot exams to identify hallux valgus, lesser toe deformities and plantar soft tissue atrophy were conducted between 2002 and 2008. The team estimated heritability using software that performs genetic analyses of familial data (pedigree structures).

Results show the prevalence of bunions, lesser toe deformities and plantar soft tissue atrophy was 31%, 30% and 28%, respectively. Hallux valgus and lesser toe deformity, two of the most common structural foot disorders that affect up to half of older adults in the U.S. and Europe, were found to be highly heritable depending on age and sex. The team reports that plantar soft tissue atrophy did not demonstrate significant heritability in the study cohort.

"Our study is the largest investigation of the heritability of common foot disorders in older adults, confirming that bunions and lesser toe deformities are highly inheritable in Caucasian men and women of European descent," concludes Dr. Hannan. "These new findings highlight the importance of furthering our understanding of what causes greater susceptibility to these foot conditions, as knowing more about the pathway may ultimately lead to early prevention or early treatment."

###

The Framingham Foot Study was funded in part by grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS R01AR047853) and supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study.

This study is published in Arthritis Care & Research. Media wishing to receive a PDF of the article may contact sciencenewsroom@wiley.com.

Full citation: "Hallux Valgus and Lesser Toe Deformities are Highly Heritable in Adult Men and Women: the Framingham Foot Study." Marian T. Hannan, Hylton B. Menz, Joanne M. Jordan, L. Adrienne Cupples, Chia-Ho Cheng and Yi-Hsiang Hsu. Arthritis Care and Research; Published Online: May 20, 2013 (DOI: 10.1002/acr.22040).

URL Upon Publication: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/acr.22040

Author Contact: To arrange an interview with Dr. Hannan, please contact Bill Burgey with Hebrew SeniorLife at WilliamBurgey@hsl.harvard.edu or Sarah Lewis at SarahLewis@hsl.harvard.edu.

About the Journal

Arthritis Care & Research is an official journal of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), and the Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals (ARHP), a division of the College. Arthritis Care & Research is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes both original research and review articles that promote excellence in the clinical practice of rheumatology. Relevant to the care of individuals with arthritis and related disorders, major topics are evidence-based practice studies, clinical problems, practice guidelines, health care economics, health care policy, educational, social, and public health issues, and future trends in rheumatology practice. The journal is published by Wiley on behalf of the ACR. For more information, please visit the journal home page at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/acr.

About Wiley

Wiley is a global provider of content-enabled solutions that improve outcomes in research, education, and professional practice. Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising; professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications; and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners.

Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (NYSE: JWa, JWb), has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Wiley and its acquired companies have published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. Wiley's global headquarters are located in Hoboken, New Jersey, with operations in the U.S., Europe, Asia, Canada, and Australia. The Company's website can be accessed at http://www.wiley.com.

New! Follow us on Twitter @WileyResearch

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 20-May-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Dawn Peters
sciencenewsroom@wiley.com
781-388-8408
Wiley

Common foot deformities are inherited says Framingham Foot Study

A novel study reports that white men and women of European descent inherit common foot disorders, such as bunions (hallux valgus) and lesser toe deformities, including hammer or claw toe. Findings from the Framingham Foot Studythe first to estimate the heritability of foot disorders in humansappear in Arthritis Care & Research, a journal published by Wiley on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR).

Previous studies show that as many as 60% of older adults have foot disorders which may limit mobility and reduce their quality of life. In fact, bunions affect 23% of individuals 18 to 65 years of age and 36% of those over 65 years according to a study by Nix et al. While experts suggest that women, older adults and those with a higher body mass index (BMI) are at greater risk for foot disorders, there is little understanding of the genetics involved in their development.

The study, led by Arthritis Care & Research Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Marian Hannan from Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Mass, included 1,370 participants enrolled in the Framingham Foot Study. Participants had a mean age of 66 years and 57% were female. Foot exams to identify hallux valgus, lesser toe deformities and plantar soft tissue atrophy were conducted between 2002 and 2008. The team estimated heritability using software that performs genetic analyses of familial data (pedigree structures).

Results show the prevalence of bunions, lesser toe deformities and plantar soft tissue atrophy was 31%, 30% and 28%, respectively. Hallux valgus and lesser toe deformity, two of the most common structural foot disorders that affect up to half of older adults in the U.S. and Europe, were found to be highly heritable depending on age and sex. The team reports that plantar soft tissue atrophy did not demonstrate significant heritability in the study cohort.

"Our study is the largest investigation of the heritability of common foot disorders in older adults, confirming that bunions and lesser toe deformities are highly inheritable in Caucasian men and women of European descent," concludes Dr. Hannan. "These new findings highlight the importance of furthering our understanding of what causes greater susceptibility to these foot conditions, as knowing more about the pathway may ultimately lead to early prevention or early treatment."

###

The Framingham Foot Study was funded in part by grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS R01AR047853) and supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study.

This study is published in Arthritis Care & Research. Media wishing to receive a PDF of the article may contact sciencenewsroom@wiley.com.

Full citation: "Hallux Valgus and Lesser Toe Deformities are Highly Heritable in Adult Men and Women: the Framingham Foot Study." Marian T. Hannan, Hylton B. Menz, Joanne M. Jordan, L. Adrienne Cupples, Chia-Ho Cheng and Yi-Hsiang Hsu. Arthritis Care and Research; Published Online: May 20, 2013 (DOI: 10.1002/acr.22040).

URL Upon Publication: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/acr.22040

Author Contact: To arrange an interview with Dr. Hannan, please contact Bill Burgey with Hebrew SeniorLife at WilliamBurgey@hsl.harvard.edu or Sarah Lewis at SarahLewis@hsl.harvard.edu.

About the Journal

Arthritis Care & Research is an official journal of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), and the Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals (ARHP), a division of the College. Arthritis Care & Research is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes both original research and review articles that promote excellence in the clinical practice of rheumatology. Relevant to the care of individuals with arthritis and related disorders, major topics are evidence-based practice studies, clinical problems, practice guidelines, health care economics, health care policy, educational, social, and public health issues, and future trends in rheumatology practice. The journal is published by Wiley on behalf of the ACR. For more information, please visit the journal home page at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/acr.

About Wiley

Wiley is a global provider of content-enabled solutions that improve outcomes in research, education, and professional practice. Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising; professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications; and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners.

Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (NYSE: JWa, JWb), has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Wiley and its acquired companies have published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. Wiley's global headquarters are located in Hoboken, New Jersey, with operations in the U.S., Europe, Asia, Canada, and Australia. The Company's website can be accessed at http://www.wiley.com.

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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-05/w-byp051613.php

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IRL: TYLT cables and a standoff between two Galaxies

Welcome to IRL, an ongoing feature where we talk about the gadgets, apps and toys we're using in real life and take a second look at products that already got the formal review treatment.

IRL is a column about stuff we're using in real life and yes, that sometimes includes neon-green charging cables. It also includes all manner of smartphones, as you know, and this week we've got a short-and-sweet write-up comparing the GS3 and GS4. Is the 4 worth an early upgrade? Not if you ask Jon Fingas, anyway, but that's mostly because he's happy with the camera, performance and LTE radio on last year's model.

Filed under: Misc, Samsung

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/27yAJ4MQ_sg/

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Will The Internet of Things Make Our Lives Any Easier?

The "Internet of Things" is shaping up to be the buzzphrase of the year as more and more of our machines take off their dunce caps. But as history has shown us, a smarter gadget doesn't necessarily mean an easier life.

If our modern soothsayers can be believed, soon your refrigerator will be snapchatting your garbage disposal raunchy pics of your microwave, while your thermostat consults your lawnmower for stock picks. Or something like that.

The "Internet of Things" is said to be the next evolutionary step in our connected world ? the promise that every machine in your physical environment will be talking to each other and acting pseudo-intelligently without much in the way of human intervention.

Of course, this techno-utopian dream was a promise of the future long before the web was even a twinkle in Tim Berners-Lee's eye. Movies like Electric Dreams (1984) showed a public that was just becoming acquainted with personal computers that these devices would soon be turning on coffee makers and providing security for our homes. Going back even further, the early '60s version of "The Jetsons" often poked fun at the postwar cliche that people wouldn't know what to do with themselves once the home computer took over life's more tedious tasks.

Today our abundance of smartphones, computers, dishwashers and electric vacuum cleaners all supposedly leave more time for the 21st century human to lounge around and eat bonbons. Just push a button, and everything is automatic.

But what if that's simply not true? What if technology of the 20th century didn't actually create more leisure time? What does that mean for the bright-eyed and bushy-tailed technophiles among us who are making sure that all of our gadgets can speak the same language?

Just about every generation of the last hundred years has debated whether their new-fangled appliances and gadgets were indeed making life any easier. One of the most interestingly counterintuitive studies on the effects of technology on housework and leisure came from Joann Vanek in the mid-1970s. Vanek argued that the time American women devoted to housework hadn't actually declined from 1920-1970. She explained that with the rise of electric appliances like dishwashers and vacuum cleaners, housework had obviously become more efficient. The only catch? That the standard for what constitutes a clean house (or a clean person for that matter) had simply evolved along with the technology.

Doing the laundry in 1950 may have become much easier thanks to the rise of electric washing machines, but the societal expectations around how often one's clothes should be cleaned shifted dramatically since, say, 1900. Cleaning a floor was decidedly harder in 1910 than it was in 1960 but the relative ease of use for appliances like the electric vacuum cleaner changed American expectations about what constituted "clean."

Ruth Schwartz Cowan wrote extensively about this evolving standard of cleanliness in the last quarter of the 20th century. Writing in 1986 [pdf], she explained:

A woman doing her wash in 1910 might spend eight or nine hours of her week on the enterprise, and for her pains get eight or nine pounds of clean laundry (dry pounds, that is!), but if her grandaughter [sic] with a Bendix (or its descendants) puts in the same number of hours (carrying, folding, sorting ironing), she and the members of her household will be able to change their underwear and outer clothing every single day, their sheets and towels every week ? luxuries that in times past were permitted only to the rich (who employed laundresses).

Reflecting on the efficiency-boosting capabilities of our machines in the 20th century leaves us with some difficult questions here in the 21st. Will the next step in the progressive march of our gadgets (specifically in the way that they talk with each other and the outside world) lead to more leisure time for us humans? Or will the Internet of Things? simply create new, more demanding expectations of how our time is accounted for on any given day?

This question seems even more pressing in an information and communications-driven society. Back in the 1950s, taking a family vacation to a place like Yellowstone meant that you'd be largely out of reach should something come up that demanded your attention at the office. Today, our national parks are considering an expansion of cellular service under pressure from both the big telecom companies and visitors who often see internet service as more essential than running water. So don't complain when the boss emails and says that your deadline for next month's report has suddenly become more urgent.

There's no longer anywhere to hide. But in the future we may romanticize the simpler days of the early 21st century ? before your toaster became besties with your toothbrush.

(Top image: Advertisement for Hotpoint laundry machines from the September 8, 1956 issue of American Weekly.)

Source: http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/will-the-internet-of-things-make-our-lives-any-easier-508710992

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Official: Broken Rail Eyed In Conn. Train Crash

BRIDGEPORT, Conn. ? The commuter train derailment and collision that left dozens injured outside New York City was not the result of foul play, officials said Saturday, but a fractured section of rail is being studied to determine if it is connected to the accident.

National Transportation Safety Board member Earl Weener said Saturday the broken rail is of substantial interest to investigators and a portion of the track will be sent to a lab for analysis.

Weener said it's not clear if the accident caused the fracture or if the rail was broken before the crash. He said he won't speculate on the cause of the derailment and emphasized the investigation was in its early stages.

Seventy-two people were sent to the hospital Friday evening after a Metro-North train heading east from New York City derailed and was hit by a train heading west from New Haven. Most have been discharged.

Officials earlier described devastating damage and said it was fortunate no one was killed.

"All of the injured people described the really harrowing experience of having the train jolt to a stop, the dust, darkness, other kinds of factors that made it particularly frightening," said U.S. Sen. Richard Blumenthal, who visited several patients in the hospital.

Blumenthal said a Metro-North conductor helped passengers despite her own injuries.

"Her story is really one of great strength and courage helping other passengers off the train in spite of her own very severe pain," Blumenthal said. "She eventually had to be helped off herself."

The crash damaged the tracks and threatened to snarl travel in the Northeast Corridor. The crash also caused Amtrak to suspend service between New York and Boston.

"The damage is absolutely staggering," Blumenthal said, describing the shattered interior of cars and tons of metal tossed around. "I feel that we are fortunate that even more injuries were not the result of this very tragic and unfortunate accident."

U.S. Sen. Chris Murphy said it was "frankly amazing" people weren't killed on scene.

Both said new Metro-North Railroad cars built with higher standards may have saved lives.

Metro-North said train service will remain suspended between South Norwalk and New Haven until further notice. Railroad officials said rebuilding the two tracks and restore train service "will take well into next week."

"We want our customers to know that while you travel on Metro-North, you can remain confident that your safety, and the safety of our employees, is always the first priority in everything we do," said Howard Permut, President of MTA Metro-North Railroad.

NTSB investigators arrived Saturday and are expected to be on site for seven to 10 days. They will look at the brakes and performance of the trains, the condition of the tracks, crew performance and train signal information, among other things.

When the NTSB has concluded the on-site phase of its investigation, Metro-North will begin to remove the damaged rail cars and remaining debris. The process requires specialized, heavy equipment that will be in place by Sunday, officials said. Only after the damaged train cars have been removed can Metro-North begin the work of rebuilding the damaged tracks and overhead wires.

"It is a significant undertaking that could take days to complete," MTA said in a statement.

The NTSB has allowed Metro-North to begin removing some of the track and wire from the scene.

Gov. Dannel P. Malloy said commuters should make plans for alternative travel through the area and urged them to consult the state Department of Transportation website for information.

Weener said data recorders on board are expected to provide the speed of the trains at the time of the crash and other information.

"Our mission is to understand not just what happened but why it happened and determine ways of preventing it from happening again," Weener said.

About 700 people were on board the Metro-North trains when one heading east from New York City's Grand Central Terminal to New Haven derailed at about 6:10 p.m. just outside Bridgeport, transit and Bridgeport officials said. Passengers described a chaotic, terrifying scene of crunching metal and flying bodies.

A spokeswoman for St. Vincent Medical Center said late Saturday that 46 people from the crash were treated there, with six of them admitted. All were in stable condition, she said.

A Bridgeport Hospital spokesman said 26 people from the crash were treated there, with three of them admitted. One was in critical condition and two were in stable condition, he said. The other 23 were released.

Bridgeport Mayor Bill Finch said the disruption caused by the crash could cost the region's economy millions of dollars.

Passenger Frank Bilotti said he was returning from a business trip in Boston on the westbound train when it crashed.

"Everybody was pretty much tossed around," said Bilotti, 53, of Westport, who wasn't injured other than a sore neck.

Firefighters used ladders to help people evacuate after the derailed cars dug into the banks of the tracks, Bilotti said.

"There were people on stretchers," he said. "There were people lying on the ground."

Blumenthal credited first responders, saying their "quick reactions and heroic efforts undoubtedly saved lives."

The MTA operates the Metro-North Railroad, the second-largest commuter railroad in the nation. The Metro-North main lines ? the Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven ? run northward from New York City's Grand Central Terminal into suburban New York and Connecticut.

At Grand Central, Frances Liu and her family were trying to get to New Haven, where Liu is graduating from Yale. A train could get them only as far north as Stamford.

"And then we'll rent a car and drive," she said.

Liu's parents had flown in from China for her graduation and were touring the country around her commencement. But the car-rental plan could face a snag ? Liu never got a driver's license, although her parents had their Chinese licenses.

"My mom can drive. So I hope it'll be OK!" Liu said as she rushed off to decide on a train.

The last significant train collision involving Metro-North occurred in 1988 when a train engineer was killed in Mount Vernon, N.Y., when one train empty of passengers rear-ended another, railroad officials said.

___

Associated Press writers Michael Melia in Hartford, Conn., Susan Haigh in Fairfield, Conn., and Verena Dobnik in New York City contributed to this report.

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/18/broken-rail-metro-north-crash_n_3300675.html

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Small Fla. city wonders who won $590.5 million Powerball jackpot

ZEPHYRHILLS, Fla. (AP) ? Some lucky person walked into a Publix supermarket in suburban Florida over the past few days and bought a ticket now worth an estimated $590.5 million ? the highest Powerball jackpot in history.

But it wasn't Matthew Bogel. On Sunday, he loaded groceries into his car after shopping at the Publix. He shook his head when asked about the jackpot.

"It's crazy, isn't it?" he said. "That's so much money."

It's an amount too high for many to imagine. Compare it to the budget for the city of Zephyrhills: This year's figure is just more than $49 million. The winning Powerball jackpot is 12 times that.

Whoever has the ticket hadn't come forward as of Sunday morning.

"This would be the sixth Florida Powerball winner and right now, it's the sole winner of the largest ever Powerball jackpot," Florida Lottery executive Cindy O'Connell told The Associated Press. "We're delighted right now that we have the sole winner."

Publix spokeswoman Maria Brous said that there are a lot of rumors about who won, but the store doesn't know. "We're excited for the winner or winners," she said.

O'Connell said Florida has had more Powerball winners than any other state but did not give any indication whether anyone had stepped forward with the winning ticket in Saturday's drawing.

But plenty of people in Zephyrhills ? population 13,337 ? are wondering whether it's someone they know.

Joan Albertson drove to the Publix early Sunday morning with her camera in hand, in case the winner emerged. She said she had bought a ticket at a store across the street, and the idea of winning that much money was still something of a shock.

"Oh, there's so much good that you could do with that amount of money." Albertson said. "I don't even know where to begin."

Zephyrhills is a small city in Pasco County, about 30 miles northeast of downtown Tampa. Once a rural farming town, it's now known as a hotbed for skydiving activity, and the home to large retiree mobile home parks and Zephyrhills bottled water.

And now, one lucky lottery ticket.

"I'm getting text messages and messages from Facebook going, 'uh, did you win the lottery?'" Sandra Lewis said. "No, I didn't win, guys. Sorry."

Sara Jeltis said her parents in Michigan texted her with the news Sunday morning.

"Well, it didn't click till I came here," she said, gesturing to the half-dozen TV live trucks humming in the Publix parking lot. "And I'm like, wow I can't believe it, it's shocking! Out of the whole country, this Publix, in little Zephyrhills would be the winner."

With four out of every five possible combinations of Powerball numbers in play, lottery executives said Saturday that someone was almost certain to win the game's highest jackpot, a windfall of hundreds of millions of dollars ? and that's after taxes.

The winning numbers were 10, 13, 14, 22 and 52, with a Powerball of 11.

Estimates had earlier put the jackpot at around $600 million. But Powerball's online site said Sunday that the jackpot had reached an estimated $590.5 million.

The world's largest jackpot was a $656 million Mega Millions jackpot in March 2012.

Terry Rich, CEO of the Iowa Lottery, initially confirmed that one Florida winning ticket had been sold. He told AP that following the Florida winner, the Powerball grand prize was being reset at an estimated jackpot of $40 million, or about $25.1 million cash value.

The chances of winning the prize were astronomically low: 1 in 175.2 million. That's how many different ways you can combine the numbers when you play. But lottery officials estimated that about 80 percent of those possible combinations had been purchased recently.

While the odds are low for any one individual or individuals, O'Connell said, the chance that one hits paydirt is what makes Powerball exciting.

"There is just the chance that you will have the opportunity, and Florida is a huge Powerball state," O'Connell said. "We have had more winners than any other state that participates in Powerball."

The longshot odds didn't deter people across Powerball-playing states ? 43 plus Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Virgin Islands ? from lining up at gas stations and convenience stores Saturday.

Clyde Barrow, a public policy professor at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, specializes in the gaming industry. He said one of the key factors behind the ticket-buying frenzy is the size of the jackpot ? people are interested in the easy investment.

"Even though the odds are very low, the investment is very small," he said. "Two dollars gets you a chance."

Lewis, who went to the Publix on Sunday to buy water, said she didn't play ? and she isn't upset about it.

"Life goes on," she said, shrugging. "I'm good."

___

Rodriguez reported from Des Moines, Iowa.

___

Follow Tamara Lush at http://twitter.com/tamaralush.

Follow Barbara Rodriguez at http://twitter.com/bcrodriguez.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/small-fla-city-wonders-won-powerball-jackpot-163342761.html

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Peyton Manning contract: Broncos add insurance clause, according ...

The Broncos are covering their bases in case Manning suffers another neck injury.

Quarterback Peyton Manning signed a new contract with the Denver Broncos that includes an insurance clause which gives the organization financial relief if the 37-year-old is sidelined with a major injury, according to a report from ProFootballTalk on Friday.

The clause, according to the report, would provide the Broncos with reimbursement and salary cap breathing room if Manning is unable to play. He is set to make $20 million in both 2013 and 2014, but the latter year's salary can be wiped off Denver's books should Manning re-injure the same area of his neck that has undergone multiple surgeries over the past few years. However, this would not cover them if Manning were to suffer any other serious injury.

Other than that, Manning's contract and salary were in no way affected by this latest addition. It seems as though the Broncos are just further hedging against the risk of paying and playing an older NFL quarterback who is still somewhat recovering from multiple neck surgeries.

In 2012, his first season with the Broncos after missing the 2011 campaign altogether, Manning threw for 4,659 yards, 37 touchdowns and 11 interceptions, leading Denver to the top spot in the AFC before falling in the divisional round of the playoffs to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens.

More from SB Nation:

? QB situations for all 32 teams

? Denard Robinson lines up at QB?

? Tim Tebow's (fake) CFL chronicles

? Joe Webb moves to WR

? Chris Kluwe signs with Raiders

? The rise of "Generation Jaguar"

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Source: http://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2013/5/17/4340080/peyton-manning-contract-insurance-clause-denver-broncos

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Electric and magnetic characteristics of a material which could be used in spintronics: Promising doped zirconia

May 17, 2013 ? Materials belonging to the family of dilute magnetic oxides (DMOs) -- an oxide-based variant of the dilute magnetic semiconductors -- are good candidates for spintronics applications. This is the object of study for Davide Sangalli of the Microelectronics and Microsystems Institute (IMM) at the National Research Council (CNR), in Agrate Brianza, Italy, and colleagues.

They recently explored the effect of iron (Fe) doping on thin films of a material called zirconia (ZrO₂ oxide). For the first time, the authors bridged the gap between the theoretical predictions and the experimental measurements of this material, in a paper about to be published in The European Physical Journal B.

Spintronics exploit an intrinsic property of the electrons found in semi-conductors called spin, akin to the electrons' degree of freedom. This determines the magnetic characteristics, known as magnetic moment, of the material under study. The challenge is to create such material with the highest possible temperature, as this will ensure that its magnetic properties can be used in room-temperature applications.

To study iron-doped zirconia, they examined its magnetic properties and its electronic structure from both a theoretical and experimental perspective. They then compared theory and experiments to find the most stable configuration of the material. Theoretical work included first-principles simulations. In parallel, their experimental work relied on many different well-established analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and alternating gradient force magnetometer measurements.

Sangalli and colleagues therefore gained a better understanding of doped zirconia, which features oxygen vacancies, playing a crucial role in providing its unique electronic and magnetic characteristics. They have also predicted theoretically how the deviation from the standard structure influences this material's properties. They are currently investigating, experimentally, how the magnetism evolves with changing concentrations of iron and oxygen vacancies to confirm theoretical predictions.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Springer Science+Business Media.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Davide Sangalli, Elena Cianci, Alessio Lamperti, Roberta Ciprian, Franca Albertini, Francesca Casoli, Pierpaolo Lupo, Lucia Nasi, Marco Campanini, Alberto Debernardi. Exploiting magnetic properties of Fe doping in zirconia. The European Physical Journal B, 2013; 86 (5) DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2013-30669-3

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/GcElie8Nbh8/130517094600.htm

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Google Hangouts Has a Weird, Fun Multi-Cam Trick

So, Google's new Hangouts app keeps all of your chats in sync across all of your devices. Cool, right? But what if you're in a video call on your phone, and then open the same video call on your computer. Boop! Suddenly there's two of you, as I just discovered when chatting with my friend Bay.

You can now show two angles of yourself at the same time. Turn your head from one to the quickly for instant comedy. But why stop there? I pulled out my tablet, and yep, that worked, too. In the image above you can see there's three of me and two of him.

This may not have been an intentional Easter egg, but it's fun nonetheless. There might actually be a modicum of utility, even. You could continue to show your face, while you use the camera on your phone to show some project that you're working on. Or maybe it's so you can switch from one device to the other without having to hang up. Really, though, you're just going to use it to weird people out, and that's just fine. But watch out for audio feedback. It can be harsh.

Source: http://gizmodo.com/google-hangouts-has-a-weird-fun-multi-cam-trick-508504684

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The Real Benghazi Scandal (Atlantic Politics Channel)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/306314119?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Royal Mail takes step towards privatisation

LONDON (Reuters) - The Royal Mail moved a step closer to privatisation on Thursday after the appointment of a firm to set up an employee share scheme, one of the pre-conditions for a sale.

Under the 2011 Postal Services Act, which paves the way for privatisation, some 10 per cent of shares in Royal Mail will be set aside for the employees of the company.

Equiniti was appointed on Thursday to set up an employee share scheme according to the Royal Mail.

An initial public offering of the group, which has around 150,000 staff and sales of 9.5 billion pounds, is expected to take place later this year, with British media reports valuing the group between two and three billion pounds.

The Royal Mail said on Thursday that all options regarding the timing and details of the sell-off remained open, but the government remained determined to privatise the company this financial year.

The Communications Workers Union, which represents about 120,000 Royal mail workers, opposes the privatisation plan.

(Reporting by Paul Sandle; Editing by Elaine Hardcastle)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/britains-royal-mail-takes-step-towards-privatisation-180635294.html

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